（一）LED downlight development overview
China’s National Development and Reform Commission has issued the “Roadmap for phasing out incandescent lamps in China”, which stipulates that from October 1, 2012, the import and sale of incandescent lamps with 100 watts and above general lighting will be banned. From October 1, 2014, the import and sale of 60 watts and above general lighting incandescent lamps are prohibited. It is expected that from October 1, 2016, the import and sale of 15 watts and above general lighting incandescent lamps will be banned, which means that the phase-out of general lighting incandescent lamps in China has been finalized. With the gradual disappearance of incandescent lamps, led lights as a new force of energy saving and environmental protection gradually surfaced and became known to people.
In view of the rising price of fluorescent powder, the cost of ordinary energy-saving lamps continues to rise, and the new LED lamps as lighting fixtures have gradually entered the public’s field of vision. Since the birth of LED lights, their brightness has been continuously improved, gradually from the LED indicator into the field of LED lighting. LED downlights are slowly transforming from high-end lighting upstarts to the new darling of the application market.
LED downlight status analysis
After years of development, LED downlights have been widely used in engineering and home improvement fields, basically replacing traditional downlights. In the field of LED lighting, downlights can be said to be the most popular category, because its technical content is not high, basically screwdriver factories can be produced. There is no entry threshold, anyone can produce, swarm on, resulting in uneven quality, prices ranging from a few dollars to dozens of dollars, so the current LED downlight market is still more chaotic. At the same time, the current downlight price is very transparent, from the chip, shell to packaging and other accessories cost dealers basically understand clearly, and because of the low entry barrier, many producers, fierce competition, so the LED downlight profit compared to other commercial products much lower.
Downlights are generally used in shopping malls, offices, factories, hospitals and other indoor lighting, installation is simple and convenient for people to love. LED downlights inherit all the advantages of traditional downlights, small heat, long power saving life, and minimal maintenance costs. Early LED downlights due to the high cost of LED light beads, the overall cost is not accepted by customers. With the reduction of the price of LED downlight chips and the improvement of heat dissipation technology, it has laid a solid foundation for LED downlights to enter the commercial field.
LED downlights are composed of LED beads, a downlight housing, and a power supply. For downlight beads, it is appropriate to use high-power lamp beads such as a single 1W lamp bead, should not use small power such as 5050,5630 and other lamp beads, the reason is that the LED small power lamp bead brightness is bright enough but the light intensity is not enough, and the LED downlight is generally irradiating vertical distance is 4-5 meters, because the low power light intensity is not enough so that the ground light intensity is not enough. The high power lamp beads, especially the light intensity of the integrated light source, has become the first LED downlight manufacturers. At present, the commonly used is a high-power lamp bead such as a single 1W lamp bead, made into a downlight 1W, 3W, 5W, 7W, 9W, etc., the maximum can generally be made into 25W, if the use of high-power integration scheme can also do higher power.
There are three main parts that determine the life of the downlight: LED lamp beads, led cooling “shell design”, and led power supply. LED lamp bead manufacturers determine the main life of LED downlights, at present, foreign high-quality chip manufacturers have the United States CREE, Japan Nichia (Nichia), West Iron City, etc., cost-effective Taiwan manufacturers crystal (in China generally refers to the purchase of crystal led chip packaging products, mostly in Taiwan or Cross-Strait packaging factories in China), billion light, etc., Mainland manufacturers have three an photoelectric and so on.
Generally speaking, high-quality LED downlight manufacturers will use foreign CREELED chips, at least one of the highly stable products recognized on the market. The lamp made in this way has high natural brightness, long life, but the price is not cheap, and the chip life of Taiwan manufacturers is also long, but the price is relatively low, which is basically acceptable to Chinese local mid-market customers. China’s local market chip life is short, light decay is large, but the lowest price has become the first choice for a large number of small manufacturers to fight prices. What kind of LED lamp beads and LED chips are used also directly determines the positioning of LED downlight manufacturers and the social responsibility presented in the industry.
LED power supply is the heart of LED downlights, which has a great impact on the life of LED downlights. In general, LED downlights are 110/220V power supply, China’s local market is 220V power supply. Due to the short development time of LED lights, the country has not yet set standards for its power supply, so the LED power supply on the market is uneven, the ring image is transverse, a large number of low PF values, and can not flood the market through EMC power supply. The life of the electrolytic capacitor of the power supply also directly determines the life of the power supply, because we are sensitive to the price, and find ways to reduce the cost of the power supply, resulting in the low power conversion of the LED power supply, and the service life is not long, so that the LED downlight is changed from “longevity lamp” to “short-lived lamp”.
The heat dissipation design of the LED downlight is also important for its life, and the LED heat is transmitted from the lamp bead to the internal PCB and then exported to the housing, and then the housing is transmitted to the air through convection or conduction. The heat dissipation of PCB should be fast enough, the heat dissipation performance of thermal grease should be good enough, the heat dissipation area of the shell should be large enough, and the reasonable design of several factors determines that the PN junction temperature can not be higher than 65 degrees when the LED lamp is working normally, so as to ensure that the LED chip is at the normal working temperature and will not produce light decay because the temperature is too high and too fast.
The LED radiator can solve the related problems caused by the radiator’s inability to export the heat on the lamp bead and the internal PCB: and applied for a national patent; It is made of high-quality 6063 aluminum, forming the effect of heat conduction and heat dissipation in one, to achieve high efficiency heat conduction and heat dissipation; The top of the radiator is designed with a plurality of heat dissipation holes, and the heat sink outside the radiator is conductive to achieve air convection. Like a plurality of smoke pipes, the heat of the LED is discharged upward, and the heat is dissipated through the heat sink, so as to achieve efficient heat dissipation.
Characteristics and advantages of LED downlight analysis
LED as a light source began to be applied to lighting fixtures, but only a few decades, but it has been a great development, at present, a wide variety of LED lighting fixtures, mainly including LED downlights, LED spotlights, LED downlights, LED bulbs, LED downlights, etc., but one of the most broad development prospects is LED downlights.
1, LED downlights have strong adaptability, LED downlights do not have startup time problems, power can immediately work normally, no need to wait for a long time, light source color, close to natural light, fast and flexible installation, any Angle adjustable, strong versatility, a wide range of applications.
2, LED downlight repairability is high, LED light source can be composed of multiple groups of LED modules, LED downlight can also be composed of multiple groups of LED cavity modules, do not interfere with each other, easy maintenance, power supply and light source independent design, damage only need to replace the problematic part, individual damage will not have too much impact on normal lighting, no need to replace the whole lamp.
3, LED downlight starting performance is good, fast and reliable, only millisecond response time, can achieve all-light output, LED downlight vibration resistance, good weather resistance, long life.
4, LED downlight color rendering index is higher, the national standard color rendering index requirement for this interval is Ra=60, LED light source color rendering index is generally higher than the traditional light source, at the current level, LED downlight color rendering index can reach 70 to 85. For Lediant, we can reach 90＋.
Post time: Sep-11-2023